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Chickenpox is a contagious viral infection caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It often affects children, though adults can contract it as well. Chickenpox usually results in a blister-like rash, itching, tiredness, and fever. While it is generally a mild illness in children, it can be more severe in teens, adults, pregnant women, and individuals with weakened immune systems.

Chickenpox symptoms usually appear 10-21 days after exposure to the virus. Common symptoms include:

• Fever – Usually one of the first symptoms
• Rash – Begins as red spots that develop into itchy, fluid-filled blisters
• Fatigue and Malaise – Feeling tired or generally unwell
• Loss of Appetite – Often accompanying fever and fatigue
• Headache – Common in children and adults

The rash often starts on the face, chest, and back and then spreads. Over a few days, the blisters pop, dry, and form scabs.

Chickenpox spreads easily through direct contact with an infected person or through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. The virus can also spread by touching items or surfaces that have been in contact with the blister fluid of a chickenpox rash. Once someone is infected, they are usually immune to the virus for life. However, the virus can reactivate later in life, causing shingles, a painful rash.

The best way to prevent chickenpox is through vaccination. The varicella vaccine is highly effective and is part of the routine immunization schedule for children. Adults who haven’t had chickenpox or the vaccine should also consider getting vaccinated, especially if they are at high risk. 

Chickenpox is generally a mild illness, but it’s wise to seek medical treatment if:

• The rash spreads to the eyes.
• You experience breathing difficulties.
• The rash shows signs of infection, such as becoming red, warm, or painful.
• You have a fever that lasts longer than four days or goes above 102°F (39°C).

Infants, pregnant women, people with weakened immune systems, and adults should be extra cautious, as they are at higher risk for complications. In these cases, see a healthcare provider promptly to ensure the best care.